{ "id": "dict_000729", "term": "Bride price", "slug": "bride-price", "letter": "B", "entry_type": "cultural_legal_background", "entry_family": "theological_term", "depth_profile": "standard", "short_definition": "A bride price is the payment or gift given by a groom or his family in connection with marriage arrangements in the ancient biblical world. In Scripture, it belongs to social and legal custom rather than to a distinct theological doctrine.", "simple_one_line": "A marriage payment or gift associated with betrothal and marriage customs in the biblical world.", "tooltip_text": "An ancient marriage payment or gift given by the groom or his family as part of wedding arrangements.", "aliases": [], "scripture_references": [], "original_language_terms": [], "related_entries": [ "marriage", "betrothal", "dowry", "covenant", "family" ], "see_also": [ "dowry", "betrothal", "engagement", "marriage customs" ], "lede_intro": "Bride price refers to the marriage payment, service, or gift associated with marriage arrangements in the Old Testament world. It is part of the social and legal setting of Scripture rather than a separate biblical doctrine.", "at_a_glance_definition": "A customary marriage payment or gift in the ancient Near Eastern and Old Testament world.", "at_a_glance_key_points": [ "Part of ancient marriage custom, not a universal Christian ordinance. • Appears in biblical narratives and legal settings. • Can function as compensation, covenantal recognition, or a negotiated marriage gift depending on the context." ], "description_academic_short": "Bride price refers to the marriage payment associated with betrothal or marriage arrangements in the Old Testament world. It appears in biblical law and narrative as part of ancient family and covenantal practice, not as a timeless Christian ordinance. The term needs careful handling because customs varied, and Scripture reports such practices without making every cultural feature universally binding.", "description_academic_full": "Bride price is the customary payment, service, or valuable gift given by a prospective husband or his family in connection with marriage arrangements in the ancient Near Eastern setting reflected in the Old Testament. Biblical examples show that such payment could function within family negotiations and legal obligations surrounding betrothal and marriage, and in some cases it served as compensation or formal recognition of the union. Scripture treats this as part of the social and legal world of Israel and its neighbors rather than as a central theological category for Christian doctrine. Because the practice is culturally situated and the details vary by passage, interpreters should distinguish between what the text clearly describes and any broader application that may be inferred.", "background_biblical_context": "Bride price is reflected in passages where marriage arrangements include negotiated gifts, service, or compensation. The Old Testament presents such customs descriptively in family and legal settings without turning them into a standing command for later believers.", "background_historical_context": "In the ancient Near East, marriage often involved a negotiated transfer of wealth, labor, or goods between families. This helped formalize the marriage agreement and could serve as protection for the bride's family or as acknowledgment of the union.", "background_jewish_ancient_context": "Ancient Jewish marriage practice existed within broader Near Eastern custom. The biblical texts show marriage as a family and covenant matter, with material exchange sometimes accompanying the arrangement. The exact form could vary widely by circumstance.", "key_texts_primary": [ "Gen 24", "Gen 29", "Exod 22:16-17", "1 Sam 18:25" ], "key_texts_secondary": [ "Gen 34:12", "Deut 22:28-29" ], "original_language_note": "English translations may render the underlying ideas with terms such as bride price, dowry, marriage gift, or mohar. The exact nuance depends on context and translation.", "theological_significance": "Bride price is not a doctrine in itself, but it illustrates how Scripture records real social structures in which marriage had covenantal, familial, and economic dimensions. It also reminds readers that descriptive customs in the Bible are not automatically prescriptive for Christians.", "philosophical_explanation": "The entry belongs to historical and social description rather than abstract theology. Its significance lies in how biblical revelation speaks within real human institutions and cultural forms while preserving moral distinctions and covenant responsibility.", "interpretive_cautions": "Do not confuse bride price with the modern idea of buying a wife. Scripture describes an ancient custom in which the form and meaning of the payment could vary. Also avoid turning narrative description into a universal rule for Christian marriage.", "major_views_note": "Most interpreters treat bride price as a culturally situated custom reflected in biblical narrative and law. The main question is not whether the practice existed, but how each passage uses it and whether the text is describing, regulating, or simply reporting it.", "doctrinal_boundaries": "Bride price should not be treated as a timeless Christian ordinance or as proof that marriage is a commercial transaction. Scripture upholds the dignity of marriage and the persons involved while describing ancient forms of family and legal exchange.", "practical_significance": "The entry helps readers understand marriage customs in the Bible and avoid anachronistic readings. It also encourages careful distinction between historical practice and present-day Christian ethics.", "meta_description": "Bride price in the Bible refers to the marriage payment or gift associated with ancient betrothal and marriage customs.", "public_url": "/companion-bible-dictionary/bride-price/", "json_url": "/companion-bible-dictionary/data/dictionary/bride-price.json", "final_disposition": "PUBLISH_CANONICAL" }