{
  "id": "dict_005216",
  "term": "Shalmaneser V",
  "slug": "shalmaneser-v",
  "letter": "S",
  "entry_type": "biblical_historical_person",
  "entry_family": "theological_term",
  "depth_profile": "standard",
  "short_definition": "Shalmaneser V was an Assyrian king associated with the siege of Samaria and the final years of the northern kingdom of Israel.",
  "simple_one_line": "An Assyrian king linked in 2 Kings with the siege of Samaria and Israel’s fall.",
  "tooltip_text": "Assyrian king who besieged Samaria during the events leading to the fall of the northern kingdom of Israel.",
  "aliases": [],
  "scripture_references": [],
  "original_language_terms": [],
  "related_entries": [
    "Assyria",
    "Hoshea",
    "Samaria",
    "Fall of Israel",
    "Sargon II"
  ],
  "see_also": [
    "2 Kings",
    "Northern Kingdom of Israel",
    "Exile"
  ],
  "lede_intro": "Shalmaneser V was an Assyrian king in the late eighth century BC who appears in Scripture in connection with Hoshea, the siege of Samaria, and the collapse of the northern kingdom of Israel.",
  "at_a_glance_definition": "Assyrian ruler named in 2 Kings as part of the events that led to Samaria’s siege and Israel’s exile.",
  "at_a_glance_key_points": [
    "Assyrian king in the late eighth century BC",
    "Linked in 2 Kings with Hoshea and the siege of Samaria",
    "Part of the historical setting of Israel’s covenant judgment",
    "His exact military role is discussed by historians, so descriptions should stay close to the biblical text"
  ],
  "description_academic_short": "Shalmaneser V was a late-eighth-century BC king of Assyria named in 2 Kings in relation to Hoshea and the siege of Samaria. In the biblical narrative, his campaign is part of the historical instrument of the Lord’s judgment on the northern kingdom of Israel.",
  "description_academic_full": "Shalmaneser V was a king of Assyria mentioned in 2 Kings in connection with Hoshea king of Israel and the siege of Samaria. Scripture presents these events as part of the historical outworking of God’s judgment on the northern kingdom for persistent covenant unfaithfulness. Because ancient sources and later historical reconstructions discuss the relationship between Shalmaneser V, the siege of Samaria, and the claims associated with Sargon II, a careful definition should remain close to the biblical text and avoid overstating details not explicitly stated there.",
  "background_biblical_context": "In the biblical account, Assyria rises as the dominant imperial power over Israel. Shalmaneser V is named in the context of Hoshea’s rebellion, Assyrian pressure, and the siege of Samaria that culminated in the fall of the northern kingdom.",
  "background_historical_context": "Shalmaneser V ruled Assyria in the late eighth century BC. The historical sequence surrounding Samaria’s fall is discussed by interpreters because Assyrian royal records and biblical narrative require careful correlation. A cautious entry should acknowledge the association with the siege while avoiding claims beyond the text.",
  "background_jewish_ancient_context": "For ancient readers, Assyria represented imperial power under God’s sovereignty. The fall of Samaria would have been understood as a national catastrophe bound up with covenant judgment, not merely a political event.",
  "key_texts_primary": [
    "2 Kings 17:3-6",
    "2 Kings 18:9-12"
  ],
  "key_texts_secondary": [
    "2 Kings 17:18-23"
  ],
  "original_language_note": "The English name Shalmaneser reflects the Assyrian royal name as transmitted through biblical and historical tradition. English Bible forms follow established transliteration rather than a direct translation.",
  "theological_significance": "Shalmaneser V illustrates God’s sovereignty over nations and the historic reality of covenant judgment. Assyrian kings acted freely and politically, yet the biblical text presents their rise and success within the Lord’s providential rule.",
  "philosophical_explanation": "The entry belongs to the category of providential history: real political actors and events are meaningful within Scripture because God governs history without negating human responsibility.",
  "interpretive_cautions": "Do not overstate the exact military or chronological role of Shalmaneser V beyond what 2 Kings explicitly says. The relationship between his campaign and later Assyrian claims about Samaria’s capture is a historical discussion, not a doctrinal one.",
  "major_views_note": "Most interpreters identify Shalmaneser V as the Assyrian king directly associated with the siege of Samaria in 2 Kings. Some historical reconstructions debate how his campaign relates to Sargon II’s later claims, so the safest summary is textually restrained.",
  "doctrinal_boundaries": "This entry should be treated as biblical history, not as a theological doctrine. It may illustrate judgment, providence, and covenant faithfulness, but those doctrines should be derived from Scripture rather than from speculation about Assyrian chronology.",
  "practical_significance": "Shalmaneser V reminds readers that God judges persistent unfaithfulness and that no nation or ruler stands outside His authority. The entry also helps readers place Israel’s exile within the unfolding biblical narrative.",
  "meta_description": "Shalmaneser V was an Assyrian king linked to the siege of Samaria and the fall of the northern kingdom of Israel.",
  "public_url": "/companion-bible-dictionary/shalmaneser-v/",
  "json_url": "/companion-bible-dictionary/data/dictionary/shalmaneser-v.json",
  "final_disposition": "PUBLISH_CANONICAL"
}