{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-06-14",
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "handbreadth",
      "name": "Handbreadth",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "Length",
      "subCategory": "Body-based small length",
      "language": [
        "Hebrew"
      ],
      "originalTerms": [
        {
          "term": "טֹפַח",
          "transliteration": "ṭōphaḥ",
          "strongs": "H2947"
        }
      ],
      "shortDefinition": "A small body-based length measure.",
      "system": "Hebrew",
      "conversion": {
        "metres": 0.076
      },
      "metricApprox": "about 7.6 cm",
      "imperialApprox": "about 3 in",
      "certainty": "medium",
      "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.",
      "usageTypes": [
        "architecture",
        "poetic"
      ],
      "relatedItems": [
        "span",
        "cubit"
      ],
      "verses": [
        {
          "reference": "Exodus 25:25",
          "book": "Exodus",
          "chapter": 25,
          "verse": 25,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/25/#exodus-25-25",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "tabernacle",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "Psalm 39:5",
          "book": "Psalm",
          "chapter": 39,
          "verse": 5,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/psalm/39/#psalm-39-5",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "poetic",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        }
      ],
      "studyNotes": [],
      "translationNotes": [],
      "calculatorSupport": true,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14",
      "reviewStatus": "listed",
      "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/handbreadth/",
      "localStrongEvidence": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/local-strongs-audit.json",
        "matchCount": 2,
        "uniqueStrongNumbers": [
          "H2947",
          "H2948"
        ]
      },
      "strongsOccurrenceExpansion": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/strongs-occurrence-expansion.json",
        "occurrenceCount": 9,
        "uniqueReferenceCount": 9,
        "bookCount": 5,
        "strongs": [
          "H2947",
          "H2948"
        ]
      },
      "calculatorUrl": "/bible-everyday-life/calculators/?calc=length&qty=1&unit=handbreadth#length-distance-converter"
    },
    {
      "id": "span",
      "name": "Span",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "Length",
      "subCategory": "Body-based length",
      "language": [
        "Hebrew"
      ],
      "originalTerms": [
        {
          "term": "זֶרֶת",
          "transliteration": "zeret",
          "strongs": "H2239"
        }
      ],
      "shortDefinition": "The span of the hand, often treated as half a cubit.",
      "system": "Hebrew",
      "conversion": {
        "metres": 0.228
      },
      "metricApprox": "about 22.8 cm",
      "imperialApprox": "about 9 in",
      "certainty": "medium",
      "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.",
      "usageTypes": [
        "tabernacle",
        "poetic"
      ],
      "relatedItems": [
        "cubit",
        "handbreadth"
      ],
      "verses": [
        {
          "reference": "Exodus 28:16",
          "book": "Exodus",
          "chapter": 28,
          "verse": 16,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/28/#exodus-28-16",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "tabernacle",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "Isaiah 40:12",
          "book": "Isaiah",
          "chapter": 40,
          "verse": 12,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/isaiah/40/#isaiah-40-12",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "poetic",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        }
      ],
      "studyNotes": [],
      "translationNotes": [],
      "calculatorSupport": true,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14",
      "reviewStatus": "listed",
      "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/span/",
      "localStrongEvidence": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/local-strongs-audit.json",
        "matchCount": 3,
        "uniqueStrongNumbers": [
          "H2239"
        ]
      },
      "strongsOccurrenceExpansion": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/strongs-occurrence-expansion.json",
        "occurrenceCount": 7,
        "uniqueReferenceCount": 5,
        "bookCount": 4,
        "strongs": [
          "H2239"
        ]
      },
      "calculatorUrl": "/bible-everyday-life/calculators/?calc=length&qty=1&unit=span#length-distance-converter"
    },
    {
      "id": "cubit",
      "name": "Cubit",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "Length",
      "subCategory": "Primary biblical length measure",
      "language": [
        "Hebrew",
        "Greek"
      ],
      "originalTerms": [
        {
          "term": "אַמָּה",
          "transliteration": "ʾammāh",
          "strongs": "H520"
        },
        {
          "term": "πῆχυς",
          "transliteration": "pēchys",
          "strongs": "G4083"
        }
      ],
      "shortDefinition": "A standard length from elbow to fingertip, used heavily in construction and dimensions.",
      "system": "Hebrew/Greek",
      "conversion": {
        "metres": 0.456
      },
      "metricApprox": "about 45.6 cm by common estimate",
      "imperialApprox": "about 18 in",
      "certainty": "medium",
      "certaintyNote": "The exact cubit standard varies; long-cubit contexts need separate handling.",
      "usageTypes": [
        "architecture",
        "temple",
        "ark",
        "prophetic"
      ],
      "relatedItems": [
        "span",
        "handbreadth",
        "long-cubit",
        "reed"
      ],
      "verses": [
        {
          "reference": "Genesis 6:15",
          "book": "Genesis",
          "chapter": 6,
          "verse": 15,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/genesis/6/#genesis-6-15",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "ark",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "Exodus 25:10",
          "book": "Exodus",
          "chapter": 25,
          "verse": 10,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/25/#exodus-25-10",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "tabernacle",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "1 Kings 6:2",
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 6,
          "verse": 2,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/1-kings/6/#1-kings-6-2",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "temple",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "Matthew 6:27",
          "book": "Matthew",
          "chapter": 6,
          "verse": 27,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/6/#matthew-6-27",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "teaching",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "Revelation 21:17",
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 21,
          "verse": 17,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/21/#revelation-21-17",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "prophetic",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        }
      ],
      "studyNotes": [],
      "translationNotes": [],
      "calculatorSupport": true,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14",
      "reviewStatus": "listed",
      "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/cubit/",
      "localStrongEvidence": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/local-strongs-audit.json",
        "matchCount": 2,
        "uniqueStrongNumbers": [
          "G4083",
          "H520"
        ]
      },
      "strongsOccurrenceExpansion": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/strongs-occurrence-expansion.json",
        "occurrenceCount": 160,
        "uniqueReferenceCount": 136,
        "bookCount": 20,
        "strongs": [
          "G4083",
          "H520"
        ]
      },
      "calculatorUrl": "/bible-everyday-life/calculators/?calc=length&qty=1&unit=cubit#length-distance-converter"
    },
    {
      "id": "long-cubit",
      "name": "Long Cubit",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "Length",
      "subCategory": "Cubit plus a handbreadth",
      "language": [
        "Hebrew"
      ],
      "originalTerms": [
        {
          "term": "אַמָּה וָטֹפַח",
          "transliteration": "ʾammāh wāṭōphaḥ",
          "strongs": "H520/H2947"
        }
      ],
      "shortDefinition": "A longer cubit, especially important in Ezekiel’s temple vision.",
      "system": "Hebrew",
      "conversion": {
        "metres": 0.525
      },
      "metricApprox": "about 52.5 cm by common estimate",
      "imperialApprox": "about 20.7 in",
      "certainty": "medium",
      "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.",
      "usageTypes": [
        "temple",
        "prophetic"
      ],
      "relatedItems": [
        "cubit",
        "reed"
      ],
      "verses": [
        {
          "reference": "Ezekiel 40:5",
          "book": "Ezekiel",
          "chapter": 40,
          "verse": 5,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/40/#ezekiel-40-5",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "temple",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        }
      ],
      "studyNotes": [],
      "translationNotes": [],
      "calculatorSupport": true,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14",
      "reviewStatus": "listed",
      "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/long-cubit/",
      "localStrongEvidence": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/local-strongs-audit.json",
        "matchCount": 2,
        "uniqueStrongNumbers": [
          "H520"
        ]
      },
      "strongsOccurrenceExpansion": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/strongs-occurrence-expansion.json",
        "occurrenceCount": 156,
        "uniqueReferenceCount": 132,
        "bookCount": 16,
        "strongs": [
          "H520"
        ]
      },
      "calculatorUrl": "/bible-everyday-life/calculators/?calc=length&qty=1&unit=long-cubit#length-distance-converter"
    },
    {
      "id": "reed",
      "name": "Measuring Reed",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "Length",
      "subCategory": "Measuring rod/reed",
      "language": [
        "Hebrew",
        "Greek"
      ],
      "originalTerms": [
        {
          "term": "קָנֶה",
          "transliteration": "qāneh",
          "strongs": "H7070"
        },
        {
          "term": "κάλαμος",
          "transliteration": "kalamos",
          "strongs": "G2563"
        }
      ],
      "shortDefinition": "A measuring reed/rod used in temple and prophetic measurement scenes.",
      "system": "Hebrew/Greek",
      "conversion": {
        "metres": 3.15
      },
      "metricApprox": "about 3.15 m if six long cubits",
      "imperialApprox": "about 10.3 ft",
      "certainty": "medium",
      "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.",
      "usageTypes": [
        "temple",
        "prophetic"
      ],
      "relatedItems": [
        "long-cubit",
        "cubit"
      ],
      "verses": [
        {
          "reference": "Ezekiel 40:5",
          "book": "Ezekiel",
          "chapter": 40,
          "verse": 5,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/40/#ezekiel-40-5",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "temple",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "Revelation 11:1",
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 11,
          "verse": 1,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/11/#revelation-11-1",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "prophetic",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "Revelation 21:15",
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 21,
          "verse": 15,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/21/#revelation-21-15",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "prophetic",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        }
      ],
      "studyNotes": [],
      "translationNotes": [],
      "calculatorSupport": true,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14",
      "reviewStatus": "listed",
      "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/reed/",
      "localStrongEvidence": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/local-strongs-audit.json",
        "matchCount": 3,
        "uniqueStrongNumbers": [
          "G2563",
          "H7070"
        ]
      },
      "strongsOccurrenceExpansion": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/strongs-occurrence-expansion.json",
        "occurrenceCount": 56,
        "uniqueReferenceCount": 50,
        "bookCount": 15,
        "strongs": [
          "G2563",
          "H7070"
        ]
      },
      "calculatorUrl": "/bible-everyday-life/calculators/?calc=length&qty=1&unit=reed#length-distance-converter"
    },
    {
      "id": "stadion",
      "name": "Stadion / Furlong",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "Distance",
      "subCategory": "Greek/Roman distance measure",
      "language": [
        "Greek"
      ],
      "originalTerms": [
        {
          "term": "στάδιον",
          "transliteration": "stadion",
          "strongs": "G4712"
        }
      ],
      "shortDefinition": "A Greek distance measure often rendered furlong/stadium.",
      "system": "Greek/Roman",
      "conversion": {
        "metres": 185
      },
      "metricApprox": "about 185 m",
      "imperialApprox": "about 607 ft",
      "certainty": "medium",
      "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.",
      "usageTypes": [
        "distance",
        "prophetic",
        "narrative"
      ],
      "relatedItems": [
        "mile"
      ],
      "verses": [
        {
          "reference": "Luke 24:13",
          "book": "Luke",
          "chapter": 24,
          "verse": 13,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/luke/24/#luke-24-13",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "distance",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "John 6:19",
          "book": "John",
          "chapter": 6,
          "verse": 19,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/john/6/#john-6-19",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "distance",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        },
        {
          "reference": "Revelation 14:20",
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 14,
          "verse": 20,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/14/#revelation-14-20",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "prophetic",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        }
      ],
      "studyNotes": [],
      "translationNotes": [],
      "calculatorSupport": true,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14",
      "reviewStatus": "listed",
      "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/stadion/",
      "localStrongEvidence": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/local-strongs-audit.json",
        "matchCount": 3,
        "uniqueStrongNumbers": [
          "G4712"
        ]
      },
      "strongsOccurrenceExpansion": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/strongs-occurrence-expansion.json",
        "occurrenceCount": 6,
        "uniqueReferenceCount": 6,
        "bookCount": 4,
        "strongs": [
          "G4712"
        ]
      },
      "calculatorUrl": "/bible-everyday-life/calculators/?calc=length&qty=1&unit=stadion#length-distance-converter"
    },
    {
      "id": "mile",
      "name": "Mile",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "Distance",
      "subCategory": "Roman mile",
      "language": [
        "Greek/Latin"
      ],
      "originalTerms": [
        {
          "term": "μίλιον",
          "transliteration": "milion",
          "strongs": "G3400"
        }
      ],
      "shortDefinition": "A Roman mile, used in Jesus’ teaching about going the second mile.",
      "system": "Roman",
      "conversion": {
        "metres": 1480
      },
      "metricApprox": "about 1.48 km",
      "imperialApprox": "about 0.92 modern miles",
      "certainty": "medium",
      "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.",
      "usageTypes": [
        "teaching",
        "travel"
      ],
      "relatedItems": [
        "stadion"
      ],
      "verses": [
        {
          "reference": "Matthew 5:41",
          "book": "Matthew",
          "chapter": 5,
          "verse": 41,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/5/#matthew-5-41",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "teaching",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        }
      ],
      "studyNotes": [],
      "translationNotes": [],
      "calculatorSupport": true,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14",
      "reviewStatus": "listed",
      "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/mile/",
      "localStrongEvidence": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/local-strongs-audit.json",
        "matchCount": 1,
        "uniqueStrongNumbers": [
          "G3400"
        ]
      },
      "strongsOccurrenceExpansion": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/strongs-occurrence-expansion.json",
        "occurrenceCount": 1,
        "uniqueReferenceCount": 1,
        "bookCount": 1,
        "strongs": [
          "G3400"
        ]
      },
      "calculatorUrl": "/bible-everyday-life/calculators/?calc=length&qty=1&unit=mile#length-distance-converter"
    },
    {
      "id": "fathom",
      "name": "Fathom",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "Depth",
      "subCategory": "Maritime depth measure",
      "language": [
        "Greek"
      ],
      "originalTerms": [
        {
          "term": "ὀργυιά",
          "transliteration": "orguia",
          "strongs": "G3712"
        }
      ],
      "shortDefinition": "A depth measure used by sailors in Acts 27.",
      "system": "Greek",
      "conversion": {
        "metres": 1.83
      },
      "metricApprox": "about 1.83 m",
      "imperialApprox": "about 6 ft",
      "certainty": "medium",
      "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.",
      "usageTypes": [
        "maritime"
      ],
      "relatedItems": [
        "ship",
        "sounding"
      ],
      "verses": [
        {
          "reference": "Acts 27:28",
          "book": "Acts",
          "chapter": 27,
          "verse": 28,
          "netUrl": "/bible/net/acts/27/#acts-27-28",
          "occurrenceType": "listed_reference",
          "usageType": "maritime",
          "note": "Listed reference for this Bible Everyday Life unit.",
          "reviewStatus": "listed"
        }
      ],
      "studyNotes": [],
      "translationNotes": [],
      "calculatorSupport": true,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14",
      "reviewStatus": "listed",
      "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/fathom/",
      "localStrongEvidence": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/local-strongs-audit.json",
        "matchCount": 1,
        "uniqueStrongNumbers": [
          "G3712"
        ]
      },
      "strongsOccurrenceExpansion": {
        "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/strongs-occurrence-expansion.json",
        "occurrenceCount": 1,
        "uniqueReferenceCount": 1,
        "bookCount": 1,
        "strongs": [
          "G3712"
        ]
      },
      "calculatorUrl": "/bible-everyday-life/calculators/?calc=length&qty=1&unit=fathom#length-distance-converter"
    }
  ]
}