H3942 — לִפנַי

a. literally, of man Gen 43:31 ; 2Sam 19:5 ; 1Kgs 19:13 ; Lev 13:14 ; Dan 8:18; Dan 10:9; Dan 10:15 +; ׳ עוֺר פ Exod 35:29 ; Exod 35:30 ; Exod 35:35 pale (from alarm) Isa 29:22; Jer 30:6, flushed Isa 13:8; Ezek 21:3, compare Nah 2:11; Joel 2:6 tearful Isa 25:8; Job 16:16 sad, רעים ׳ פ Gen 40:7, compare Neh 2:2; Neh 2:3, also ׳ רֹעַ פ Eccl 7:8 i.e. sadness; ׳ יֵּיטִב פ Prov 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6 why is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare 1Sam 1:18 (reading נָָֽפְלָה, נָָֽפְ לוּ, or הִפִּילָה ); covered with shame Ezek 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture Jer 51:51; Ps 69:8; Ps 83:17, etc.

b. of ׳ י Exod 33:20 , compare Exod 33:23 .

c. פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gen 32:31, compare Judg 6:22, knowing Deut 34:10 , judging Ezek 20:35 , speaking Exod 33:11 , and so ׳ בְּפ ׳ פ Deut 5:4 נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים 2Kgs 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare v 2Kgs 14:11 = 2Chr 25:17 ; 2Chr 25:21 .

d. of relations with ׳ י: ׳ הֵרִים פ Ezra 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jer 2:27; Jer 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); ׳ לִדְרוֺשׁ י ׳ נָתַן פ 2Chr 20:3 ׳ נָתַן אֶתפֿ אֶלאֲֿדֹנָי Dan 9:3 הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezek 2:4.

e. of ׳ י himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִיםִ מִכֶּם 2Chr 30:9 בְּעֹשֵׂי ׳ פְּנֵי י רָ֑ע Ps 34:17 גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ Ps 80:17 . — See further below 7.

a. = presence, person, of ׳ י Exod 33:14 ; Exod 33:15 , בְּפָנָיו Deut 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Isa 63:9 לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, see לֶחֶם ; of ׳ י's angry presence Lam 4:16; Ps 21:10 of Absalom 2Sam 17:11 in weakened sense, nearly = suffix (compare נפשׁ 4.a.), Prov 7:15.

b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Gen 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of ׳ פ), (God, with יראה pointed as Niph`al, see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gen 43:3; Gen 43:5 ; Gen 44:23; Gen 44:26, king Exod 10:28 (twice in verse) compare Exod 10:29 (all J ), 2Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); 2Sam 14:28; 2Sam 14:32 compare 2Sam 3:13 (twice in verse); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Kgs 25:19 = Jer 52:25; Esth 1:14 implying favour of person seen, man Gen 33:10 ( J ), God Gen 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph`il), and, with חזה , Ps 11:7; Ps 17:15.

a. to the presence of, Exod 23:17 pregnantly יֵרָאֶה ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הָאָדוֺן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) ׳ י (|| Exod 34:23 ׳ אֶתפְּֿנֵי הָא ); with יָצָא = to confront 2Chr 19:2 .

b. to the front of, after a verb of motion, Lev 6:7 הַמִּזְבֵּחַ ׳ הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵ , Lev 9:5 ; Lev 16:2 ; Num 17:8 ; Num 20:10 .

c. towards or on the front of ( אֶל = עַל), Ezek 41:4 ; Ezek 41:12 ; Ezek 41:15 ; Ezek 41:25 ; Ezek 42:2 ; Ezek 42:3 ; Ezek 42:7 ; Ezek 42:10 ; Ezek 42:13 ; Ezek 45:7 ; Ezek 48:21 .

d. on to the surface of, Lev 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה , Ezek 16:5 .

(a) in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Num 12:14 ; Deut 25:9 התיצב to make a stand Deut 7:24 ; Deut 11:25 , and עמד Josh 10:8 , לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ Josh 21:42 ; Josh 23:9 עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against , Hos 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו , Hos 7:10 ; Job 16:8 וְנָקֹטוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ezek 6:9 , so Ezek 20:43 ; Ezek 36:31 .

(b) in front of, Ezek 42:12 .

a. With the implication of (a) under the eye or oversight of, Deut 25:2 ; 1Sam 3:1 . (b) under the eye and regard of, Gen 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ , Hos 6:2 ; Isa 53:2 ; Ps 61:8 compare Jer 30:20 ; Jer 31:36 ; Isa 66:22 ; Ps 102:29 : also 1Sam 2:28 ; 2Sam 19:14 . (c) figurative for in (or into ) the full (mental) view of , Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me , Lam 1:22 תָּבאֹ כָלרָֿעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ , Jonah 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (compare אֶל Gen 18:21 ; Exod 2:23 ), Isa 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י , Jer 2:22 נִכְתָּךְ לְפָנָי (compare נֶגְדִּי Isa 47:12 ). (d) openly before , 1Sam 12:2 הִתְהַלֵךְ לִפְנֵי , and with collateral idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 1Sam 2:35 , especially ׳ לפני י Gen 17:1 and elsewhere. (e) in presence of the moon or sun, Ps 72:5 ; Ps 72:17 , i.e. as long as they endure. (f) free before, at the disposal of , Gen 13:9 הֲלֹא כָלהָֿאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (compare Gen 20:15 ; Gen 34:10 ; Gen 47:6 ; Jer 40:4 ; 2Chr 14:6 ), 2Chr 24:51 ; Song 8:12 . (g) in the sight (estimation) of , Gen 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, Gen 10:9 a mighty hunter before ׳ י , Deut 24:4 ׳ י ׳ תּוֺעֵבָה ל , v Deut 24:13 ׳ י ׳ צְדָקָה ל , 1Sam 20:1 b, אָרוּר ׳ י ׳ ל Josh 6:26 ; 1Sam 26:19 , ׳ י ׳ לְרָצוֺן ל acceptable before ׳ י , Lev 1:3 +, Ps 19:15 ; 2Kgs 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו , Prov 14:12 ; Ps 143:2 ׳ וַיִּיטַב ל (late synonym of earlier בְּעֵנֵי ) Neh 2:5 ; Neh 2:6 ; Esth 5:14 ׳ טוֺב ל Eccl 2:26 ; Eccl 7:26 compare also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי , see רַחֲמִים . (h) ׳ לִפְנֵי י , specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of ׳ י 's presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gen 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before ׳ י , before I die, Exod 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deut 1:45 ye wept before ׳ י , Deut 6:25 ; Deut 12:7 (to eat, so v Deut 12:18 ; Deut 14:23 ; Deut 14:26 ; Deut 15:20 ), v Deut 15:12 (rejoice, so v Deut 15:18 ; Deut 27:7 ; Isa 9:2 ), Josh 18:6 ; Josh 24:1 ; Judg 11:11 ; Judg 20:23 ; Judg 20:26 ; Judg 21:2 ; 1Sam 7:6 ; 1Sam 10:19 ; 1Sam 11:15 ; 1Sam 12:7 ; 1Sam 15:33 ; 1Sam 23:18 ; 2Sam 5:3 ; 2Sam 7:18 ; 2Sam 21:9 and constantly in P , as Exod 16:9 ; Exod 16:33 ; Exod 16:34 ; Lev 1:5 ; Lev 1:11 ; Lev 3:1 ; Lev 3:7 etc.; of residents in Jerusalem Isa 23:18 . So in ׳ י ׳ הָלַךְ ל 1Kgs 2:4 and elsewhere.

b. In other phrases: — (a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before , i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on , Deut 1:38 and elsewhere (see עָמַד 1.e.). Simil. הָיָה לִפְנֵי 1Sam 19:7 (compare 1Sam 29:8 ), 2Kgs 5:2 ׳ עָבַד ל 2Sam 16:19 . (b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gen 23:12 ; Deut 26:10 ; 2Kgs 18:22 and elsewhere (see below שָׁחָה ; also נָפַל 3 b.): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1Sam 1:12 +; compare הלך פָני 1Kgs 12:30 ; 1Chr 21:30 . (c) to be smitten ( נִגַּף ) before a foe; see נָגַף Niph`al [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי : below 6.a.]. So with נָפַל 1Sam 14:13 נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Deuteronomy, as Deut 1:8 ; Deut 1:21 ; Deut 7:2 (twice in verse); Deut 7:23 ; Josh 10:12 ; Josh 11:6 + ( Dr^{DT lxxxii} ): compare Judg 4:15 ; 2Sam 5:20 ; Isa 45:1 ; Jer 1:17 . (d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as בִּפְנֵי ׳ ע , above 3 ), Exod 9:11 ; Judg 2:14 ; 2Kgs 10:4 ; Jer 49:19 ; Ps 76:8 ; Ps 147:17 ; Nah 1:6 so with הִתְיַצֵּב Deut 9:2 ; Josh 1:5 ; Job 41:2 , קוּם Josh 7:12 ; Josh 7:13 . (e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1Chr 14:8 ; 2Chr 14:9 . (f) לִפְנֵי ( נָתַן ) שִׂים , of food, to set or place before , Gen 18:8 ; Gen 24:33 +. (g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before , i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah), Deut 4:8 ; Deut 11:26 ; Deut 11:32 ; Deut 30:1 ; Deut 30:15 ; Deut 30:19 ; 1Kgs 9:6 ( D ² ), Jer 9:12 ; Jer 21:8 ; Jer 26:4 ; Jer 44:10 ; , compare Ezek 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Exod 19:7 ; Exod 21:1 .

c. With reference to position: (a) in front of, before , especially with verbs of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gen 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, Gen 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי , Exod 17:5 ; Exod 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Exod 13:21 ; Exod 13:22 ; Num 10:33 ; Isa 52:12 ; Isa 58:8 +; 2Sam 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gen 32:18 of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1Sam 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr ), Isa 8:4 ; Isa 40:10 = Isa 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֺ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Amos 9:4 ; Lam 1:5 ; Lam 1:6 (b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of , Deut 10:11 ; Judg 9:39 ; 1Sam 8:20 ; Mic 1:13 and elsewhere; compare בא ויצא לפני ( העם ) Num 27:17 ; 1Sam 18:13 ; 1Sam 18:16 ; 2Chr 1:10 ; Eccl 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was. (c) denoting superiority, before, above , Gen 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם אתאֿפרים לפני מנשׁה , Job 34:19 .

d. Of places (not very common): Exod 14:2 before Pi-hahiroth . . ., before Baal-zephon, Num 33:7 b, Gen 23:17 מַמְרֵא ׳ אשׁר ל (usually ׳ על פני מ : see 7.a. d), 1Chr 19:7 ; Neh 8:1 ; Neh 8:3 before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Exod 16:34 + הָעֵדֻת ׳ ל , Exod 30:6 + הַפָּרֹכֶת ׳ ל , Exod 40:5 ; Exod 40:6 ; Num 3:38 ; Num 7:10 and elsewhere (all P ), 1Kgs 6:21 ; 1Kgs 7:49 +.

e. Of time, before:: Amos 1:1 : לפני הָָֽ רעַשׁ before the earthquake, Gen 29:26 ; Gen 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Exod 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Num 13:22 ; 1Kgs 16:25 ; 1Kgs 16:30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו , Isa 43:10 ; Isa 48:7 ; Prov 8:25 ; Job 15:7 etc. Sq. infinitive, Gen 13:10 ׳ לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י before ׳ י 's destroying, etc., Gen 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֺתִי , Gen 36:31 ; 1Sam 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew, לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Neh 13:4 .

f. In the manner of, like (rare and dubious), 1Sam 1:16 אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַתבִּֿלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Job 3:24 like my food, Job 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (compare Lat pro ).

a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6): (a) Gen 41:46 ׳ ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ from before Pharaoh, Gen 47:10 ; 2Kgs 5:27 ; 2Kgs 6:32 +; ׳ י ׳ מל Gen 4:6 Cain went forth from before ׳ י , Jonah 1:3 ; Jonah 1:10 specifically of the sanctuary, Lev 9:24 ׳ ותצא אשׁ מלפני י (so Lev 10:2 ), קֶצֶף Num 17:11 (compare 2Chr 19:2 ), with לָקַח etc. Lev 16:12 ; Num 17:24 ; Num 20:9 , 1Sam 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before ׳ י ; from before a place 1Kgs 8:54 ; Ezra 10:6 ; 2Chr 1:13 , (b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gen 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, v Gen 23:8 ; Exod 36:3 ; Deut 17:18 ׳ וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, Deut 28:31 גָּזוּכ מלפניך . (c) with בקשׁ Esth 4:8 [compare מִןקֳדָם Dan 2:18 ]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Esth 1:19 [compare Dan 2:15 ], Eccl 10:5 ; 1Chr 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (compare Acts 3:19 ); Ps 17:2 מלפניך . יֵצֵא משׁפטי . (d) of cutting off, etc., from before ׳ י (compare לִפְנֵי a., b., c.), Lev 22:3 ; 1Kgs 8:25 לֹאיִֿכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ , מִלְּפָנִי Jer 31:36 ; Jer 33:18 ; Isa 48:19 : Ps 51:13 אַלתַּֿשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנְיךָ (compare 8.a.); Jer 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי , Jer 18:23 ; Neh 3:37 . (e) of expelling from before an invader, Exod 23:28 ; Deut 9:4 ; Deut 11:23 ; Deut 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי ).

b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְweakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with verbs of fearing, 1Sam 18:12 ; Eccl 3:14 ; Eccl 8:12 ; Eccl 8:13 ; 1Chr 16:30 חִילִי מִלְּפָנָיו [|| Ps 96:9 מפניו ], Ps 114:7 (twice in verse); Esth 7:6 ; 2Chr 32:7 ( + מפני ); failing, etc., Isa 57:16 ; Ps 97:5 being humbled, 1Kgs 21:29 ( + מפני ), 2Chr 32:12 ; 2Chr 32:23 ; 2Chr 34:27 [|| 2Kgs 22:19 מפני ], 2Kgs 36:12 crying for help 1Sam 8:18 [compare מפני Exod 3:7 ], singing 1Chr 16:33 [|| Ps 96:13 לפני ], fleeing 1Chr 19:18 [|| 2Sam 10:18 מִפְּנֵי ].

c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Eccl 1:10 . — With the later usages of ׳ מל , compare מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and ᵑ7 ( Dr Sm^{lxx-lxxi, lxxiii} ); see also Kö^{ii. 320.}

a. (often with suggestion of causation (see מִן 2.d., e., f.), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Judg 9:21 ; 1Sam 21:11 ; 1Sam 23:26 ; (twice in verse); Jer 37:11 ; Jer 41:9 ; Jer 50:16 ]) after verbs of hiding Gen 3:8 ; Gen 4:14 ; Isa 2:10 (compare v Isa 2:19 v Isa 2:21 ); and especially of escaping, Judg 9:21 ( Thes 'bene ᵑ9 ob metum A.'), 1Sam 18:11 ; 1Sam 19:10 ; 1Sam 23:26 , or fleeing, Exod 4:3 ; Exod 14:25 ; 1Sam 17:24 + often (see בָּרַךְ and נוּס ), and expelling, destroying, etc. Exod 23:30 אֲגָָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, Exod 34:11 ; Exod 34:24 אוֺרִישׁ גּוֺיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (see הוֺרִישׁ ), Lev 18:24 ; Deut 8:20 ; Amos 2:9 ; Ps 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: compare Isa 63:12 בּוֺקֵעַ מַיִס מִפְּנֵיהֶם , Josh 2:10 ; Josh 4:23 ). Pregn. Isa 17:9 ׳ כַּעֲזוּבַת ֗֗֗ אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר which they forsook (fleeing) from before , etc.

b. implying causation more distinctly, Ps 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at the presence , Deut 7:20 : very often with verbs of fearing, as גור , יגר , חיל , ירא , ערץ , פחד , קוץ Exod 9:30 ; Num 22:3 (twice in verse); Deut 1:17 ; Jer 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Deut 5:5 ; Deut 9:19 ); of being alarmed or dismayed Gen 45:3 ; Josh 2:9 ; Jer 1:17 ; Job 23:15 , etc.; of humbling oneself Exod 10:3 ; Judg 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of ) his presence Zeph 1:7 ; Hab 2:20 ; Judg 5:5 the mountains flowed ׳ מפני י at the presence of ׳ י , Isa 63:19 ; Jer 4:26 ; Nah 1:5 ; Ps 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ ; Deut 20:19 ; Isa 19:1 ; Isa 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך , — implying that their state was due to ׳ י ); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gen 31:35 ; Lev 19:32 . (

c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote: (a) Gen 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), Gen 27:4 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, Gen 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, Gen 41:31 ; Gen 47:13 ; Exod 3:7 their cry by reason of their taskmasters, Exod 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב , Exod 9:11 ; Josh 2:11 ; Josh 23:3 ; Judg 2:18 ; Judg 6:6 ; 1Kgs 5:17 ; 1Kgs 8:11 + often; Isa 10:27 ( RVm ), Jer 15:17 ; Ps 38:4 ; Ps 38:6 , etc.; Jer 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, Jer 7:12 ; Jer 9:6 ; Jer 13:17 ; Jer 14:16 ; Jer 23:9 + often (b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Latin prae ,), 1Kgs 8:11 ; Job 37:19 . (c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conjunction , twice, because that , Exod 19:18 ; Jer 44:23 . — Num 33:8 see פִּי הַחִירֹת .

a. From the sense of face or front: (a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני ): Ps 18:43 as dust before the wind (compare לפני Ps 35:5 ; Ps 83:14 +), Gen 32:22 the present passed on עלפֿניו in front of him, Exod 33:19 אעביר כלטֿוּבי עלפֿניך , 2Sam 15:18 ; 2Sam 15:23 (read עלפֿניו : see Dr ), Job 4:15 = in the sight of , Lev 10:3 ועלפֿני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד , Jer 6:7 עַלפָּֿנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה , Jer 13:26 (compare Nah 3:5 ), Ps 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים עלפֿניך before thee: defiantly, Job 1:11 אםלֿא עלֿ פניך יְבָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face , Job 6:28 ועלפֿניכם אם אֲכַוֵּב , Job 21:31 to die in the presence of any one ( = in his lifetime) Gen 11:28 ; Num 3:4 . (b) before , to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to , Deut 21:16 , and perhaps( Ew^{§ 217} l ) Exod 20:3 ( Deut 5:7 ) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים עלפֿני ( Thes and others as c ). (c) in addition to , Job 16:14 פֶּרֶץעַלפְּֿנֵיפֶֿרֶץ יִפְרְצֵנִי . (d) of localities, in front of , mostly (but not always: see GFM^{Ju., p. 351} ) = east of , 1Kgs 6:3 the porch in front of , etc., v 1Kgs 6:3 ; 1Kgs 7:6 ; 1Kgs 8:8 ; 2Chr 3:17 ; Ezek 42:8 ; Gen 16:12 עלפֿני כלאֿחיו ישׁכן (compare Gen 25:18 b), perhaps ( Di and others) with collateral idea of defiance; מַמְרֵא ׳ עַלפֿ Gen 23:19 ( Gen 50:13 ), Exod 16:14 often in אשׁר עלפֿני ֗֗֗ Gen 25:9 ( Gen 49:30 ), מצרים v Gen 49:18 a ( Josh 13:3 ; 1Sam 15:7 ), Num 21:11 ; Num 33:7 a, ירחו Deut 32:49 ( Deut 34:1 ), Josh 13:3 ; Josh 13:25 ; Josh 15:8 ( Josh 18:16 ), Josh 17:7 ; Josh 18:14 ; Josh 19:11 ; Judg 16:3 ; 1Sam 24:3 (probably), 1Sam 26:1 ; 1Sam 26:3 ; 2Sam 2:24 ; 1Kgs 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, east of Jews.; so 2Kgs 23:13 ; Zech 14:4 ), Zech 17:3 ; Zech 17:5 . — Gen 1:20 let fowl fly עלפֿני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, namely as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (ε) with verbs implying direction, over towardas , Gen 18:16 וישׁקף עלפֿני סדם , Gen 19:28 ; Num 21:20 ( Num 23:28 ) נשׁקפה עלפֿני הישׁימן overlooking ; to sprinkle against the front of Lev 16:14 in a hostile sense (rare), Nah 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַלפָּֿנַיִךְ , Ps 21:13 ; Ezek 32:10 .

b. From the sense of surface, Gen 1:2 עלפֿני תהום upon the face of the deep, Exod 16:14 ׳ המדבר עלפֿ : often in the phrases עלפֿני (כל) הארץ Gen 1:29 ; Gen 7:3 +, and (more frequently) עלפֿני האדמה on the face of the ground Gen 6:1 ; Gen 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lev 17:5 ; Num 19:16 ; 1Sam 14:25 +; after verbs of motion, 1Sam 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v 1Sam 11:8 v 1Sam 11:9 ; Exod 32:20 ; Lev 14:7 ( Lev 14:53 אל ), Isa 18:2 ; Isa 19:8 ; Amos 5:8 ; Ezek 32:4 ; Job 5:10 +.

a. from before the face of, Gen 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֺ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; Psalms ( פניו ) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face , often in Kings & Jeremiah of the rejection of Israel or the temple, as with שִׁלַּת 1Kgs 9:7 (|| 2Chr 7:20 השׁליך ), Jer 15:1 , השׁליד 2Kgs 13:23 ; 2Kgs 24:20 ( Jer 52:3 ), Jer 7:15 , נטשׁ Jer 23:39 , הסיר 2Kgs 17:18 ; 2Kgs 17:23 ; 2Kgs 23:27 ; 2Kgs 24:3 ; Jer 32:31 .

b. from off the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., Gen 4:14 ; Gen 6:7 ; Gen 7:4 ; Gen 8:8 ; Exod 32:12 ; Deut 6:15 ; 1Sam 20:15 ; 1Kgs 9:7 ; 1Kgs 13:34 ; Amos 9:8 ; Jer 28:16 ; Zeph 1:2 ; Zeph 1:3 .