Dictionary Entries: J

• 1 John — 1 John is a New Testament letter that stresses assurance, truth, obedience, and love as marks of genuine life in Christ.
• 2 John — 2 John is a Short New Testament letter that warns against false teaching and urges believers to walk in truth and love.
• 3 John — 3 John is a Short New Testament letter that commends faithful hospitality and confronts proud misuse of authority.
• Book of Jasher — A noncanonical work mentioned in Joshua 10:13 and 2 Samuel 1:18 as a known source in Israel’s history. The original book is lost,
• Jaakan — Jaakan is an Old Testament proper name associated with a Horite lineage and with the wilderness station Bene-jaakan in Israel’s tr
• Jaazaniah — Jaazaniah is a Hebrew personal name borne by several men in the Old Testament. It is not a theological term.
• Jabbok River — A river east of the Jordan River, best known as the place where Jacob wrestled through the night before meeting Esau; it also func
• Jabesh — A town in Gilead east of the Jordan, usually called Jabesh-gilead.
• Jabesh-Gilead — A town in Gilead east of the Jordan River, known for Saul’s rescue of its people and for the later burial of Saul and his sons by
• Jabez — Jabez is a man in the Judah genealogy whose prayer in 1 Chronicles 4:9–10 is singled out for special mention.
• Jabneel — Jabneel is a biblical place name that appears in Old Testament boundary lists. Scripture mentions one Jabneel in Judah and another
• Jachin — Jachin is a biblical proper name used for several people in Israel’s records and for one of the two bronze pillars at Solomon’s te
• Jacob — Jacob is the patriarch later named Israel.
• Jacob's Ladder — The name traditionally given to Jacob’s dream at Bethel, where he saw a stairway or ladder reaching from earth to heaven with ange
• Jada — Jada is a biblical personal name found in Old Testament genealogical records, especially in Judah’s family line.
• Jadon — Jadon is a minor Old Testament personal name. In Nehemiah 3:7, Jadon is associated with the rebuilding of Jerusalem’s wall after t
• Jael — Jael was the woman who killed Sisera after Israel’s victory in the days of Deborah and Barak. She is remembered in Judges as an in
• Jagur — Jagur is a biblical town named among the southern settlements of Judah in Joshua 15:21.
• Jahaz — Jahaz is a biblical place-name east of the Jordan, remembered for Israel’s defeat of Sihon the Amorite and later references in tri
• Jahaziel — A biblical personal name borne by several Old Testament men; best known for the Levite who announced God's encouragement to Jehosh
• Jahdai — Jahdai is a minor Old Testament personal name that appears in the genealogy of Judah in 1 Chronicles.
• Jahleel — Jahleel is a biblical proper name associated with a descendant of Zebulun and the clan descended from him.
• Jahzeel — Jahzeel is a biblical proper name. In Scripture, Jahzeel is listed as a son of Naphtali and as the ancestor of the Jahzeelite clan
• Jair — Jair is a biblical proper name borne by more than one man, including Jair the Gileadite, a judge of Israel, and Jair, the father o
• Jairus — A synagogue ruler who came to Jesus for help when his daughter was dying. Jesus went with him and later raised the girl from death
• Jakeh — Jakeh is the name given in Proverbs 30:1 as Agur’s father. Scripture provides no further certain information about him.
• Jakim — Jakim is a biblical personal name, best known from the priestly divisions listed in Chronicles.
• Jalam — Jalam is a biblical proper name for one of Esau’s sons, listed in the genealogies of Edom.
• Jalon — Jalon is a man named in a Judah genealogy in the Old Testament.
• Jambres — Jambres is the name Paul uses in 2 Timothy 3:8 for one of the men who opposed Moses, commonly understood as a traditional name for
• James — James is a New Testament letter that presses believers toward practical wisdom, integrity, and living faith.
• James (Apostle, Son of Alphaeus) — James the son of Alphaeus was one of the twelve apostles named in the New Testament. Scripture identifies him by name but gives ve
• James (Apostle, Son of Zebedee) — James the son of Zebedee was one of the twelve apostles, the brother of John, and a member of Jesus’ inner circle. Herod Agrippa I
• James Ossuary — A first-century ossuary associated with a disputed inscription said to read “James, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus.”
• James the brother of Jesus — James, identified in the New Testament as one of Jesus’ brothers, became a leading figure in the Jerusalem church and a witness of
• Jamin — Jamin is a biblical personal name borne by several men in the Old Testament, including a son of Simeon. It is a proper name rather
• Jamlech — A biblical personal name that appears in the Simeonite genealogy in 1 Chronicles.
• Jannes — Jannes is the traditional name Paul gives to one of the Egyptian magicians who opposed Moses before Pharaoh. He appears in 2 Timot
• Janoah — Janoah is a biblical place-name, associated with the territory of Ephraim and later named in an Assyrian conquest list.
• Japheth — Japheth is one of Noah’s three sons and an ancestor named in the Table of Nations after the Flood.
• Jareb — An obscure term in Hosea, usually understood as a title or descriptive epithet for the Assyrian king rather than a clearly identif
• Jared — Jared is an antediluvian biblical person in the genealogy from Adam to Noah. He is identified as the father of Enoch.
• Jaresiah — A Benjaminite named in a genealogy in 1 Chronicles.
• Jarha — Jarha was an Egyptian servant in Sheshan’s household who married Sheshan’s daughter and is listed in Judah’s genealogy.
• Jarmuth — Jarmuth is a biblical place-name used for more than one Old Testament location, including a Canaanite royal city defeated in Joshu
• Jaroah — Jaroah is a minor biblical person named in the genealogy of the tribe of Gad in 1 Chronicles 5:14.
• Jashen — A biblical proper name associated with David’s mighty men, though the text is difficult and the exact identification is uncertain.
• Jason — Jason is a New Testament man in Thessalonica who hosted Paul and Silas and suffered opposition because of his association with the
• Jattir — Jattir is a town in the hill country of Judah, later assigned to the priests, and mentioned in connection with David’s distributio
• Javan — Javan is the biblical name of a son of Japheth and, by extension, of the peoples or lands associated with the Greeks in Old Testam
• Jawbone — The donkey’s jawbone Samson used as a weapon in Judges 15. The object matters mainly as part of the narrative of God’s deliverance
• jealousy — Jealousy, when spoken of God, means His holy zeal for His own honor and for covenant faithfulness.
• Jebus — Ancient name for Jerusalem, especially in references from before David captured the city.
• Jebusites — A Canaanite people group associated especially with Jerusalem. In Scripture, they are the pre-Israelite inhabitants of the city la
• Jecoliah — Jecoliah was the mother of King Uzziah (Azariah) of Judah and is identified in Scripture as being from Jerusalem.
• Jeconiah — Jeconiah was a king of Judah, also called Jehoiachin and Coniah, who was taken into exile in Babylon. He appears in the Old Testam
• Jedaiah — A Hebrew biblical personal name borne by several Old Testament men, including priestly and postexilic figures.
• Jediael — Jediael is a biblical personal name borne by more than one Old Testament man, including figures named in Chronicles.
• Jedidiah — Jedidiah is the name given to Solomon in 2 Samuel 12:25, meaning “beloved of the LORD.”
• Jeduthun — Jeduthun was a Levite associated with Davidic temple music and worship. His name also appears in the headings of several psalms, l
• Jehezekel — A biblical priestly leader named in David’s organization of the priestly divisions; he headed the twentieth course (1 Chronicles 2
• Jehoaddan — Jehoaddan was the mother of King Amaziah of Judah and is identified in Scripture as being from Jerusalem.
• Jehoahaz — Jehoahaz is a Hebrew royal name borne by more than one Old Testament king, most notably Jehoahaz of Judah and Jehoahaz of Israel.
• Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah — The final kings of Judah before Jerusalem fell to Babylon: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah.
• Jehoash — Jehoash is a biblical personal name borne by more than one king in the Old Testament, especially Jehoash of Judah (often called Jo
• Jehohanan — A Hebrew personal name borne by more than one Old Testament individual.
• Jehoiachin — Jehoiachin was a king of Judah who reigned briefly before being taken captive to Babylon. He appears in the history of Judah’s fal
• Jehoiada — Jehoiada is a Hebrew name borne by several Old Testament men, most notably the priest who protected Joash, opposed Athaliah, and h
• Jehoiakim — Jehoiakim was a king of Judah in the years before Jerusalem fell to Babylon. Scripture presents him as a rebellious and ungodly ru
• Jehonadab — A biblical personal name borne by more than one man, usually referring to Jonadab son of Rechab or Jonadab son of Shimeah.
• Jehoram — Jehoram is a royal name shared by two Old Testament kings: Jehoram of Israel and Jehoram of Judah. The entry should distinguish th
• Jehoshaphat — Jehoshaphat is a biblical proper name borne by several Old Testament men, most notably the godly king of Judah who sought the Lord
• Jehosheba — Jehosheba was a royal woman of Judah, wife of the priest Jehoiada, who rescued the infant Joash from Athaliah’s massacre and hid h
• Jehovah's Witnesses — Jehovah’s Witnesses are a modern non-Trinitarian religious movement that departs from historic Christian orthodoxy, especially in
• Jehozabad — Jehozabad is an Old Testament personal name borne by more than one man. The best-known Jehozabad was one of the servants involved
• Jehozadak — A priest of the line of Zadok who was taken into exile when Judah fell to Babylon, and who is best known as the father of Joshua t
• Jehu — Jehu was king of Israel who carried out judgment on the house of Ahab and destroyed much of Baal worship in the northern kingdom.
• Jeiel — Jeiel is a Hebrew personal name borne by several men in the Old Testament.
• Jemima — Jemima is one of the three daughters born to Job after the Lord restored his fortunes; she is named in Job 42:14.
• Jephthah — Jephthah was a judge of Israel whom God used to deliver Israel from the Ammonites. He is especially remembered for his difficult v
• Jephunneh — Jephunneh is a biblical man best known as the father of Caleb, the faithful spy and later Israelite leader.
• Jera — Jera is a minor biblical person named in the genealogies of Genesis and 1 Chronicles, listed as a descendant of Joktan.
• Jerah — Jerah is a biblical personal name appearing in Old Testament genealogies.
• Jerahmeel — A biblical personal name borne by more than one man in the Old Testament, including a descendant of Judah and a royal official in
• Jereboam II — Jeroboam II was an eighth-century BC king of the northern kingdom of Israel. His reign brought political strength and territorial
• Jeremiah — Jeremiah is a major prophetic book that announces judgment on Judah yet promises restoration and a new covenant.
• Jeremoth — A biblical personal name borne by more than one Old Testament man.
• Jericho — Jericho is an ancient city in the Jordan Valley, especially significant in Scripture for Israel’s conquest under Joshua and for se
• Jeriel — Jeriel is a biblical personal name borne by a man listed in the tribe of Issachar’s genealogy in 1 Chronicles 7:2.
• Jeroboam — Jeroboam son of Nebat was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel after the united monarchy divided following Solomon’s r
• Jeroboam I — Jeroboam I was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel after the kingdom divided following Solomon’s reign. He is remembe
• Jeroboam's golden calves — The golden calf images Jeroboam I set up at Bethel and Dan in the northern kingdom of Israel. Scripture presents them as a sinful
• Jeroham — Jeroham is a Hebrew personal name borne by several Old Testament men, especially in genealogies and historical notices.
• Jerome — Jerome was an early Christian scholar and Bible translator best known for the Latin Vulgate.
• Jerubbaal — Jerubbaal is another name for Gideon, given after he tore down Baal’s altar. The name memorializes the Lord’s triumph over idolatr
• Jerusalem — Jerusalem is the central city of biblical history, worship, kingship, and future kingdom hope.
• Jerusalem Talmud — The Jerusalem Talmud is an early rabbinic compilation of legal discussion and interpretation produced in the land of Israel.
• Jeshaiah — Jeshaiah is an Old Testament personal name borne by more than one man.
• Jeshanah — Jeshanah is an Old Testament place-name, likely a town in the hill country of Ephraim, mentioned in connection with Abijah’s victo
• Jesher — Jesher is a biblical personal name appearing in the genealogy of Caleb in 1 Chronicles.
• Jeshua — Jeshua is a biblical personal name, especially for the postexilic high priest and other men named in Ezra and Nehemiah. It is a sh
• Jeshua / Joshua the high priest — The postexilic high priest who served alongside Zerubbabel in the early restoration of Judah after the Babylonian exile.
• Jeshurun — A poetic name for Israel in the Old Testament, used as an affectionate covenant title.
• Jesse — Jesse was the father of King David in Bethlehem and an ancestor of Jesus the Messiah. Scripture also uses the “stump” or “root of
• Jesuit Order — A Roman Catholic religious order formally called the Society of Jesus, founded in the 16th century and known for education, missio
• Jesus — Jesus is the promised Messiah, the Son of God, who came to save sinners and reveal the Father.
• Jesus and the law — Jesus perfectly obeyed God’s law and brought it to its intended goal in his teaching, death, and resurrection. He did not abolish
• Jesus at age twelve in the Temple — The Gospel account in which the twelve-year-old Jesus remained in the Jerusalem temple, engaged the teachers, and spoke of His uni
• Jesus Christ — Jesus Christ is the incarnate Son of God, the crucified and risen Lord who saves all who trust in Him.
• Jesus Christ, Ascension of — The ascension of Jesus Christ is His bodily return to heaven after His resurrection. It marks the exaltation of the risen Lord and
• Jesus Christ, Miracles of — The miracles of Jesus Christ are His supernatural works recorded in the Gospels, including healings, exorcisms, nature miracles, a
• Jesus Christ, Resurrection of — The resurrection of Jesus Christ is God’s raising of Jesus bodily from the dead on the third day after His crucifixion. It vindica
• Jesus' Proclamation of the Kingdom — Jesus’ proclamation of the kingdom is his announcement that God’s reign had drawn near in his own ministry, calling people to repe
• Jetheth — Jetheth is an Edomite proper name appearing in Old Testament genealogical lists.
• Jethro — Jethro was Moses’ Midianite father-in-law and priest of Midian. He welcomed Moses, rejoiced in the Lord’s deliverance of Israel, a
• Jethro's visit — The visit of Moses' Midianite father-in-law, Jethro, who rejoiced in the Lord's deliverance of Israel and advised Moses to delegat
• Jetur — Jetur is a biblical proper name used for an Ishmaelite son and, by extension, the people descended from him.
• Jeuel — Jeuel is an Old Testament personal name used in biblical genealogical and postexilic lists.
• Jeush — Jeush is a biblical personal name borne by several Old Testament men, appearing in genealogies and family records.
• Jew — A Jew is a member of the people of Israel, especially in later biblical usage as linked with Judah. In Scripture the term can refe
• Jewelry — Jewelry in Scripture refers to personal adornments such as rings, bracelets, earrings, and necklaces. The Bible treats jewelry as
• Jewish calendar — The biblical Jewish calendar is the system of months, Sabbaths, feast days, and sacred seasons that ordered Israel’s worship and c
• Jewish canon — The recognized collection of sacred books in Judaism, commonly called the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh. In content it corresponds substa
• Jewish Christianity — Believers in Jesus who came from a Jewish background, especially in the earliest church; by extension, Christian communities or pa
• Jewish customs in Second Temple period — The varied religious, social, and cultural practices of Jewish life from the rebuilt temple period after the exile to the destruct
• Jewish Eschatology — Jewish eschatology is the range of Jewish hopes about God's future acts, especially resurrection, judgment, the coming age, and th
• Jewish Feasts — The Jewish feasts were the appointed sacred times God gave to Israel under the old covenant. They ordered Israel’s worship calenda
• Jewish literature — A broad label for writings produced within the Jewish tradition, including the Old Testament as inspired Scripture and later Jewis
• Jewish philosophers — A broad historical label for Jewish thinkers who used philosophical reasoning to discuss God, ethics, revelation, and human life.
• Jewish Religious Leaders — A broad label for the recognized religious and ruling figures among the Jewish people in the Second Temple period, including pries
• Jewish revolts — Major Jewish uprisings against Roman rule, especially the revolt of AD 66–73 and the Bar Kokhba revolt of AD 132–135. Important hi
• Jewish sects — An umbrella term for the major Jewish groups and parties in the Second Temple period, especially the Pharisees and Sadducees, with
• Jewish trials — The hearings and examinations Jesus faced before Jewish religious authorities before His Roman trial before Pilate.
• Jewish War — The Jewish revolt against Rome in AD 66–73, especially remembered for the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple in AD 70. It is
• Jezaniah — Jezaniah is a biblical personal name borne by more than one man in the Old Testament. It appears in accounts connected with Judah
• Jezebel — Jezebel was the Phoenician queen of Israel, wife of King Ahab, who promoted Baal worship and opposed the prophets of the Lord. In
• Jezreel — Jezreel is a biblical place name for a city and surrounding valley in northern Israel. It is also used symbolically in Hosea as a
• Jezreel Valley — The Jezreel Valley is a broad, fertile valley in northern Israel that appears in several major biblical narratives, especially as
• Jibsam — Jibsam is a biblical proper name in the genealogy of the tribe of Issachar. He is listed as one of the sons of Tola in 1 Chronicle
• Jidlaph — Jidlaph is a minor biblical personal name listed as one of Nahor’s sons in Genesis 22:22.
• Joab — Joab was David’s nephew and commander of Israel’s army. Scripture presents him as a gifted and influential military leader whose l
• Joah — Joah is a Hebrew biblical personal name borne by several men in the Old Testament, including officials and Levites.
• Joash — Joash is a biblical personal name borne by more than one Old Testament figure, most notably the boy-king of Judah and a king of Is
• Job — Job is a wisdom book that explores suffering, divine wisdom, and humble trust before God.
• Jochebed — Jochebed was a Levite woman, the wife of Amram, and the mother of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. She is remembered for protecting the i
• Joda — Joda is a personal name in Luke’s genealogy of Jesus in Luke 3:26.
• Joel — Joel is a minor prophetic book that uses locust plague and day-of-the-LORD themes to call for repentance and hope.
• Joelah — Joelah is an Old Testament personal name appearing in biblical lists in Chronicles.
• Johanan — Johanan is a Hebrew personal name borne by several men in the Old Testament, most notably Johanan son of Kareah, a military leader
• Johannine Circle — A modern scholarly label for a hypothesized community or network associated with the apostle John and the writings traditionally l
• Johannine communities — A modern scholarly label for proposed early Christian groups associated with the Gospel of John and the letters of John.
• John — John is a Gospel book that presents Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God, so readers may believe and have life.
• John (Apostle) — John the Apostle was one of Jesus’ Twelve, traditionally identified as John son of Zebedee and the brother of James. He was part o
• John Chrysostom — John Chrysostom was a major early church father, famous for eloquent preaching and extensive biblical homilies. He is important fo
• John the Baptist — John the Baptist is the prophetic forerunner who prepared the way for the coming of Jesus.
• John Wycliffe and Lollardy — A church-history entry on John Wycliffe, the English reforming theologian, and Lollardy, the reform movement influenced by his tea
• Jonah — Jonah is a prophetic narrative book that shows God's mercy to the nations and exposes a prophet's hard heart.
• Jonah and the great fish — The biblical episode in which the Lord appointed a great fish to swallow Jonah, preserve his life, and bring him back to land. The
• Jonan — Jonan is a personal name in Jesus’ genealogy in Luke 3:30. Scripture gives no further details about him.
• Jonathan — Jonathan, the son of King Saul, was a courageous warrior and David’s close covenant friend. Scripture presents him as loyal, humbl
• Jonathan (David's Mighty Man) — Jonathan was one of David’s mighty men, remembered for courage in battle against the Philistines. He is distinct from Jonathan the
• Jonathan (Son of Saul) — Jonathan was Saul’s son, a brave warrior, and David’s loyal friend. Scripture portrays him as a man of faith, covenant loyalty, an
• Joppa — Joppa was an important Mediterranean port city in biblical history, especially connected with Jonah’s flight and with Peter’s mini
• Joram — Joram is a biblical royal name used for more than one king in the Old Testament, including a king of Israel and a king of Judah.
• Jordan River — The Jordan River is the major river of the Bible lands, especially important as the setting for Israel’s entry into Canaan and the
• Jordan Valley — The Jordan Valley is the low-lying river corridor formed by the Jordan River. It is a major biblical setting in Israel’s history a
• Jorim — Jorim is a man named in Jesus’ genealogy in Luke 3:29. Scripture gives no further biographical details about him.
• Jose — Variant spelling of Joses, a New Testament personal name.
• Joseph — Joseph is Jacob's son who rose in Egypt.
• Joseph (Husband of Mary) — Joseph was Mary’s husband and Jesus’ legal earthly father and guardian. Matthew presents him as a righteous, obedient man who prot
• Joseph (Patriarch) — Joseph, son of Jacob and Rachel, was one of the twelve patriarchs of Israel. God used his suffering, exaltation in Egypt, and wisd
• Joseph of Arimathea — Joseph of Arimathea was a respected Jewish council member who asked Pilate for Jesus’ body and laid Him in a new tomb. His actions
• Josephus — Josephus was a first-century Jewish historian whose writings help explain the world of the New Testament.
• Joshua — Joshua is an Old Testament history book that records Israel's entry into the land and God's covenant faithfulness in conquest.
• Joshua as type — Joshua is sometimes read as a type of Christ: he leads God’s people into the promised land, while Jesus brings believers into the
• Josiah — Josiah was a godly king of Judah who led major reforms and renewed covenant faithfulness to the Lord. His reign is especially note
• Josiah's reforms — The religious reform movement carried out under King Josiah of Judah, marked by the removal of idolatry, temple repair, covenant r
• Jotbah — Jotbah is a biblical place name mentioned in 2 Kings 21:19 as the home of Meshullemeth, the mother of King Amon of Judah.
• Jotham — A biblical personal name borne by more than one individual, especially Jotham king of Judah and Jotham son of Gideon.
• Journey — A journey is travel from one place to another, and in Scripture it often functions as a narrative motif through which God guides,
• Journey to Jerusalem — The major Lukean narrative section in which Jesus deliberately travels toward Jerusalem, where He will suffer, die, rise again, an
• Journey to Rome — Paul’s prisoner voyage from Caesarea to Rome, recorded in Acts 27–28, where God preserved him through shipwreck and brought him sa
• Joy — Joy is gladness rooted in God’s goodness, presence, and saving work rather than in changing circumstances alone.
• Jubal — Jubal is a descendant of Cain in Genesis and the ancestor of those who play the lyre and pipe.
• Jubilee — Jubilee was the special year of release and restoration commanded for Israel every fiftieth year. It included liberty for some deb
• Jubilee year — The Jubilee year was the fiftieth year in Israel when liberty was proclaimed, ancestral land was returned, and ordinary agricultur
• Jubilees — Jubilees is a Second Temple Jewish writing that retells and expands parts of Genesis and Exodus. It is useful as historical backgr
• Judah — Judah is Jacob's son and ancestor of the royal line.
• Judah, Kingdom of — The southern kingdom that remained after Israel divided following Solomon’s reign. Centered in Jerusalem and ruled by David’s desc
• Judaism — Judaism is the historic religious tradition of the Jewish people, rooted in the Old Testament and developed through Second Temple
• Judas Iscariot — Judas Iscariot was one of the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus who later betrayed Him to the religious leaders. In Scripture he sta
• Jude — Jude is a short New Testament letter that urges believers to contend for the faith against corrupt teachers.
• Jude, Brother of Jesus — Jude was one of Jesus’ brothers named in the Gospels and is commonly identified with the author of the Epistle of Jude.
• Judea — Judea is the southern region of the land of Israel, centered on Jerusalem. In the New Testament it is an important geographical se
• Judean and Perean Ministry — A Gospel-study label for the phase of Jesus’ public ministry associated with Judea and Perea, especially in the later stages befor
• Judge — In Scripture, a judge is one who renders decisions according to justice. The term can refer both to human leaders and to God, who
• Judges — Judges is an Old Testament history book that shows Israel's repeated rebellion, the need for righteous leadership, and the LORD's
• Judges and elders — A historical-biblical leadership term for the recognized leaders who helped govern Israel, settle disputes, and administer justice
• Judges cycle — The “Judges cycle” is a common way of describing the repeated pattern in Judges: Israel falls into sin, suffers oppression, cries
• Judgment — Judgment is God's righteous evaluation and verdict over people and deeds.
• Judgment Day — Judgment Day is the appointed day when God openly judges the world in righteousness.
• Judgment Seat of Christ — The judgment seat of Christ is the future evaluation of believers by Christ. In the clearest evangelical understanding, it concern
• Judgment, Final — Final judgment is God’s decisive judgment of all people through Jesus Christ at the end of the age. Scripture presents it as a rea
• Judith — Judith is the title character of the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, portrayed as a devout Jewish widow who delivers her people t
• Julian the Apostate — Julian the Apostate was a fourth-century Roman emperor who was raised in a Christian environment, later rejected the faith, and tr
• Julius — Julius was a Roman centurion of the Augustan Cohort who escorted Paul as a prisoner on the voyage to Rome and treated him with unu
• Junia — Junia is a believer named by Paul in Romans 16:7, associated with Andronicus as a fellow kinsman, fellow prisoner, and early Chris
• Jupiter — Jupiter is the Roman name for the pagan god Zeus, mentioned in Acts 14 in connection with the crowd at Lystra.
• Just war theory — A Christian ethical framework for asking when the use of military force may be morally justified and how it should be restrained u
• Justice — God's right judgment and His upholding of what is morally right.
• Justification — Justification is God's act of declaring a sinner righteous through faith in Christ.
• Justification by faith — Justification by faith is a salvation term explaining how God brings sinners to life, forgiveness, and restored relationship.
• Justin Martyr — Justin Martyr was a second-century Christian apologist and martyr whose writings defend the faith and illuminate early post-aposto
• Juttah — Juttah was a town in the hill country of Judah assigned to the priests.
• Juxtaposition — Juxtaposition is the placing of ideas, images, or statements side by side to highlight contrast, comparison, or emphasis.
• Second Coming of Christ — The Second Coming of Christ is the future, visible return of the risen Lord Jesus in glory. Scripture presents this return as cert